As AI accelerates, many conversations focus on the compute: deploying powerful GPU clusters and using them to train high-performance models, support inference workloads, and enable specialized use cases like high-frequency trading. But a new constraint is emerging that’s just as important as the compute itself: cooling. Today’s GPUs can reach power densities of more than 200 kilowatts per rack, and are trending toward 1 megawatt per rack. This is a dramatic increase from the 5–10 kilowatt environments data centers were designed to support just a few years ago. At these levels, traditional air cooling is no longer sufficient. This shift is redefining…

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